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AVT_Modes.doc
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1988-08-10
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AVT Modes
The star set of AFSK image transfer modes in this system are, naturally
enough, the AVT modes.
These are a set of low through high resolution image modes that currently
absolutely define the state of the art in SSTV. These modes offer many
advantadges, summarized against the older SSTV modes as follows:
Ratings: X/No, or: Great->Good->Fair->Poor->Bad->Rotten->Dead
AVT
- Std -
Robot
- FrmSeq -
FAX
- LinSeq -
Volker_Wrasse
Color
- B&W -
Color
- Color -
B&W
- Color -
Color
Formats:
128x128 col:
X
No
X
X
No
X
X
256x240 col:
X
No
X
X
No
X
X
320x200 col:
X
No
No
No
No
No
No
1024x1200 B&W:
No
No
No
No
X
No
No
Image Stability
Thru Multipath:
Great
Bad
Bad
Rotten
Good
Rotten
Bad
Thru Splatter:
Great
Rotten
Rotten
Rotten
Good
Rotten
Rotten
Thru QRN:
Great
Bad
Rotten
Bad
Great
Rotten
Good
Thru QRM:
Great
Rotten
Rotten
Rotten
Good
Rotten
Rotten
Thru Hetrodynes:
Great
Dead
Dead
Dead
Great
Dead
Dead
Thru Talk:
Great
Dead
Dead
Dead
Great
Dead
Dead
Low signal:
Great
Poor
Dead
Poor
Good
Dead
Dead
Image Quality
Col Accuracy:
Great
No
Fair
Great
No
Good
Good
Col Resolution:
256k
16
256k
4096
64
4096
4096
Pel Accuracy:
Great
Good
Good
Bad
Great
Rotten
Good
AutoStart:
Great
No
Poor
No
Great
No
No
AutoMode:
Great
No
Poor
No
Great
No
No
The AVT modes were specifically designed to deal with the problems encountered
on the HF bands - high noise of all types, periods of fading that result in a
complete absence of signal, talking, splatter, and so on. Like facsimile,
AVT images are self-clocked; This means the computer system times the image
completely, rather than relying on "sync" signals which become damaged
under interfering signal conditions.
AVT images are sent in 2 phases. First, a
digital
signal is sent
that is similar to radioteletype. This signal contains information about
the timing of the image, the resolution, and information that is crucial to
the reliable reconstruction of color - information that is lacking in
all other SSTV modes.
After the digital "header", the image information is transmitted. If you
listen to the signal, you will note a complete lack of "sync" pulses. In
fact, there is no 1200 Hz information in these images at all. The entire
transmission uses frequencies between 1500 and 2300 Hz, including the
digital header.
This can have an additional benefit, one that makes AVT mode images even
better. You can now apply 800 hz wide filtering to the incoming signal,
instead of the 1100 Hz (1200-2300) required for std SSTV, or the
1200 Hz (1100-2300) required for Robot mode SSTV. This is about a 25%
reduction in bandwidth, and results in a comparable reduction in interfering
signals.
Now, looking at the chart above, you might think, "Well, these guys say
AVT is so great... why should I need to filter the signal?"
The answer is fairly simple. Although AVT mode images will not lose color
tracking, pixel positioning, or line positioning information once started,
under ANY circumstances, they are subject to one problem - when interfering
signals become so strong that the incoming AVT video is covered up, in
that position in the image there will be noise. Likewise, when the signal
fades past usability. The hardware is fairly sensitive, so that signal
fading isn't as much of a problem as it is with other equipment, but it's
still impossible to copy an image when there is no audio coming thru.
So, if you reduce the passband width of the incoming RF (prefereably) or
audio, the types of signals that can interfere in this manner are
reduced considerably. Signals at the standard sync frequency will no
longer have an effect on the image. For those of you with pass band tuning
and IF shift controls, this is easily accomplished - simply adjust the
control until the low aduio tones in the receiver dissapear. Others may
wish to purchase optional filters for their rigs.
Narrow-band AVT Images:
As if all of this wasn't enough, There is a provision in the system for
narrow-bandwidth image transmission. This format reduces the signal from
it's nominal 1500 Hz - 2300 Hz swing to one of about 1700 Hz to 2100 Hz.
This allows you to use a 400 Hz width filter, again enhancing the ability
of the image to get thru under lousy conditions. The control for this mode
is in the "SET" window. When selected, Narrow bandwidth AVT is in effect.
Please note that because of the narrow bandwidth, some degradation of the
color accuracy may be experienced. Only 32 grey levels can be discriminated
by the hardware with this frequency swing, so the overall accuracy does
drop to some extent. However, since the Amiga's display hardware can
currently only show you 4096 colors, in general images should be quite
good. 4096 colors is equivalent to 16 grey levels per memory (red, green,
and blue, 16*16*16=4096) and the AVT hardware, even in narrow bandwidth
mode, is discriminating 32, for a total of 32k colors, 32*32*32=32768.
There is no question, however, that the 64 grey level range used in the
wide band AVT does provide better color accuracy. The best thing to do
is to use it and get that "feel" for the two modes. Then you will be
able to decide which mode to use, and when, by ear.
Tuning AVT modes
Again, AVT images have significant advantadges over more primitive color
modes. If you are off frequency, AVT images do not lose their color
accuracy; instead, they become darker or lighter. This can be "fixed"
after the image has been received, by using the brighness and histogram
capabilities available in the RoboSynth window.
For an AVT mode to start, you should be tuned reasonably close to the
other signal - in general, any tuning position where the other station
sounds reasonably "normal" should be good enough. Please note however
that the narrow-bandwidth AVT signals, though much better at getting
thru under heavy QRM and so on, are more slightly finicky about being
properly tuned.
When tuning to another AVT signal, use the BLK control in the setttings
window to transmit a tone at exactly the black frequency. Have the other
station use the 'Scope to tune such that the signal causes the Scope to
trace across
exactly
on the black graticule. Once this has
been done, you may wish to do the same, if you have RIT (receive
incremental tuning) capability - you do NOT wish to retune your transceiver
if you do not, or your transmit frequency will change, rendering the
careful adjustment performed by the other staion useless.
These adjustments only need be performed when using SSB modes to
communicate. FM and PM modes will not require precise tuning, as the
received signal does not change frequency with tuning.
Failure to receive the header:
If the header is not recieved correctly, the system will not begin
reception of the image. In general, this should not be a problem. The
AVT system's sensitivity and discrimination as regards to the
reception of the digital header is extremely high. 16 bit checksum
information in the header ensures that if it is garbled, the system will
not accept the signal - yet, the system is so accurate on header
reception, you will find that it will be able to hear images that are
better than 95% noise, and start them correctly!
Although the AVT mode information IS in the header, this version of
the program does not use it - that means you must sleect the mode
manually, using the mode select buttons on the control panel.
Currently, the three AVT modes are: 24, 90, and 94 second images. These
are selected just to the right of the AVT button in the control panel.
Select the mode (speed) first, then press AVT, then press either the
RX or the TX button, as appropriate.
Note for owners of AmMigas with "fast" memory:
The 24 AVT mode will leave the control panel "up front" during reception
if you have not specified the "chip" option at program startup.
There is a small green indicator at about the top center of the control
panel - it is unlabeled, directly above the "H" and "L" RGB display
controls. During reception of the digital header portion of the AVT
image, this indicator turns on (becomes bright green) when (if!) the
system is able to successfully aquire the digital header. The information
isn't of any particular use to you, but does let you kind of relax,
knowing that the image is going to start when the header completes.